The Anti-Colon Cancer Effects of Probiotic and Postbiotic: A Review Article

Abstract

Cancer, the leading cause of death worldwide, is a name for more than 100 types of diseases that evolved from normal cells and tissues in the body. Cancer cells fail to control cell proliferation and homeostasis due to mutations. These mutations arise from intensive environmental factors or alterations in genes that aid genetic instability. The immune system is the first defense line against cancer cells as it inhibits tumor development, growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, cancer cells develop many mechanisms to escape and avoid destruction by the immune system. Probiotics is a term used to describe the entire population of microorganisms that inhabit the human body. Probiotics and their metabolites stimulate the immune system and maintain gastrointestinal integrity. Postbiotics are bioactive products produced by probiotics. They facilitate cell-cell interaction and regulate signaling pathways. Postbiotics also promote health through different mechanisms. In this review, the anti-colon-cancer effects of probiotics and postbiotics have been investigated.